Construction of the questionnaire involved adapting questions from a review of existing literature that had looked at the reasons behind children’s purchases from fast food takeaway outlets.3 , 4 , 15 , 16 Participants http://www.datingranking.net/es/citas-bhm/ were asked to self-report their gender, age, date of birth and ethnicity. 17 Free school meal entitlement was used as a proxy measure of deprivation in our survey, and it is also commonly used to investigate schoolchildren families’ income level.3 , 18 Participants were also asked how often they would purchase food/drinks from fast food takeaway outlet over a week period. Previous studies have also used this type of question to define frequency of fast food consumption.3 , 4 Participants were asked to indicate what portion size of chips they would normally purchase. Participants were asked to rank their three most popular types of beverages they would normally purchase. Participants were also asked to report their average level of physical activity during weekends and weekdays on the same questionnaire. Response options include from <2 h, 2–5 h and 5 h or more per day.
A beneficial pilot study of this new questionnaire is through with a little attempt out-of students (n=30) aged a dozen–13 age. Information in the airplane pilot data integrated rewording the questions getting best understood and also to limit how many open-concluded issues. This new survey are marketed both in universities between and you may try complete by 193 college students. This new survey was created to getting self-applied. Taught search assistants was basically accessible to assist youngsters just who needed let which have expertise or discovering the questions.
Anthropometry
Anthropometric proportions was accumulated by trained search assistants. Level try counted for the nearest millimetre having fun with SECA Leicester cellular phone peak scale (stadiometer). All people was trained to get rid of its shoes in advance of its top was drawn and align its direct on the Frankfurt flat.19 Pounds is actually counted to the nearest 0.1 kg playing with calibrated Lbs Visitors Effortless Read Accuracy electronic scales (model: 8961U). Members was indeed coached to remove its boots and you will outerwear, that’s, outdoor coat, and remain in their consistent before these were considered. Self-said measurements was omitted in the data study put because they was basically believed to be unsound. Bmi (BMI) is extracted from measured height and lbs of one’s college students and you can calculated utilizing the pursuing the formulae: Body mass index kg/meters dos = lbs (kg)/height2 (metres). Bmi percentile getting decades and you may gender according to the validated Uk 1990 site data charts try calculated, considering go out out of delivery and you will date away from measurement.20–23 Percentile ranging from 85th and you will 95th percentile was defined as obese and you can ?95th percentile are defined as obese.twenty-four , twenty five One hundred and twenty-you to definitely schoolchildren had finished studies to own computation off Bmi percentile for age and intercourse.
Analytical analysis
Investigation was basically analysed playing with SPSS V. (SPSS Inc.). Overall performance shown can be showed due to the fact setting ± SD, average (range) otherwise frequencies (percentages). Analytical importance is pulled in the event that p worth is actually ?0.05. Categorical variables was indeed opposed by using the ? dos ensure that you carried on details making use of the Kruskal–Wallis shot.
Results
The mean respondent age was 12.8 (range 11–14) years old and 56% of the respondents were male (table 1). The ethnic background of the study population was mainly Asians (48.3%) and Black/African-Carribeans (19.4%), reflecting the sampling region. Majority of the sampled population (61%) was entitled to free school meals. About one in three respondents (30.6%) was classified as being overweight or obese. Thirty-two per cent of the males were classified as being overweight or obese as compared with 29% of the females. About half of the sampled population (54%) reported that they usually purchased food or drinks from fast food or takeaway outlets more than two to three times a week. About half of the schoolchildren (48%) would spend
